A periodic review inventory model with stock dependent demand, permissible delay in payment and price discount on backorders

In this paper we study a periodic review inventory model with stock dependent demand. When stock on hand is zero, the inventory manager offers a price discount to customers who are willing to backorder their demand. Permissible delay in payments allowed to the inventory manager is also taken into account. Numerical examples are cited to illustrate the model

Stress Management: A Critical View

Now a days “Human Resource†is considered as one of the most important resources. In the era of dynamic business most of the organizations invest a huge amount of money and spend a great deal of time and effort as though they can properly utilize and manage this vital resource. Stress is one of the burning questions that hinders the workers performance and productivity. We all experience it that affects our minds and bodies. This paper has been essentially built around the inputs obtained by conducting a comprehensive study covering the various aspects of stress in today’s business. This paper has also tried to address three major key areas related with the type and sources of work related stress, impact of stress on individuals and the way of managing stress

E- Banking and Customer Satisfaction in Bangladesh

In this age of information technology, electronic communication is the cornerstone of a country for its business and economy. Electronic banking is a modern banking system that delivers the new and traditional banking products and services to the customers electronically. Electronic banking systems allow business parties or individual to pay directly or to debit accounts via telecommunication systems. It provides users, working with a home computer attached by network to their bank, with the ability to authorize payments, reconcile accounts, and access a variety of other banking services. This paper reveals the scenario of electronic banking in Bangladesh. The main objectives of the study are to evaluate the customer satisfaction of the service quality and to assess whether e-banking services provided by the institutions are satisfactory to Bangladeshi customers. Six factors are determined which accelerate customer satisfaction, but among those four factors are considered effective influence. Keywords-Banking, Customer Satisfaction, Bank, Factors, ANOV

Importance of Housing Finance Companies in Development of Financial Markets of Bangladesh

Money market is the market for short-term loans and securities (i.e., for one year or less). The strong presence of money market can boost the economic development of a country. The main purpose of money market is to provide the liquidity need of financial institutions, non-bank financial institutions and other participants in the market. The average borrowing rate in the call money market in 2009 was at 1.7% compares to 9.7% in the year 2008. The main concern in this study is Housing Finance Companies (HFCs). At present, there are three Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) in Bangladesh, which are an integral part of Non-Bank Financial Institutions (NBFIs). The objective of this study is to highlights the present scenario of HFCs, and its role in the development of money market. The study shows that the HFCs are not active participants in the money market like other financial institutions (like banks). In spite of this, they can play a significant role in the development of money market through active participation directly; issuing different money market securities to collect short term fund for new loan sanction and innovate new short-term financial products like securitization of the mortgage loan

Evaluation of analgesic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ethanol extract of Clerodendrum viscosum Vent

Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. is a very common plant in Bangladesh which is locally familiar as “Bhat” or “Ghetu”. Here, the ethanol extract of whole plant part of C. viscosum and its various solvent (petroleum-ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate) fractions were subjected for the appraisal of analgesic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Analgesic activity was tested by acetic acid-induced writhing model in Swiss albino mice. All the plant samples at the oral doses of 100- and 200 mg/kg body weight were found to exhibit significant (p<0.05) pain reducing activity in test animals. Highest inhibition of writhing was 62.38% by the ethyl acetate soluble fraction at dose of 200 mg/kg body weight while the standard drug diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg) produces 76.14% reduction of abdominal writhing. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical quenching assay was employed to determine the antioxidant potential of the plant samples while cytotoxic activity was checked by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, the plant samples showed prominent antioxidant activity. Among all, the ethyl acetate fraction showed maximum antioxidant potential with IC50 value of 28.02±0.53 μg/ml. In cytotoxic assay, the petroleum-ether fraction demonstrated strong cytotoxicity with LC50 value of 1.42±1.12 μg/ml. In summary, C. viscosum extracts possess significant analgesic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities which rationalize its traditional use in folk medicine

Gender Inequality and Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Evidence from Asian Countries

In Asian countries, the relationship between gender inequality and foreign direct investment (FDI) is a sensitive topic. Due to labor market limits and the advantageous effect of women's empowerment, gender inequality is thought to have a detrimental impact on economic development and FDI. This study aims to look into the influence of gender disparity on FDI inflows to Asian countries. Our data includes 43 Asian nations and spans the years 1990 to 2018. We discover that reduced tertiary-level education and health gaps play a decisive role in FDI inflow into Asian countries using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The findings are crucial to devising policies to minimize the gap in gender equality and promote FDI.JEL Classification: J01, J10How to Cite:Paul, S. C., Rupa, I. J., Saha, M., Hossain, M. A., & Sulltana, N. (2023). Gender Equality and Foreign Direct Investment: Empirical Evidence from Asian Countries. Etikonomi, 22(2), 321 – 332. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v22i2.27099

Profitability and Liquidity of Conventional Banking and Islamic Banking in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study

The aim of this study is to examine and evaluate the profitability and liquidity of a group of 5 Conventional banks in Bangladesh with a group of 5 Bangladeshi Islamic banks. The study evaluates the profitability and liquidity of two types of banking system in Bangladesh for the period of 2008 to 2012. Different financial ratios i.e. Return on Asset (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Profit Expense Ratio (PER), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Earnings per Share (EPS), Profit per branch, Profit per employee have been used for evaluating profitability and Loan to Deposit ratio (LDR), Loan to Assets ratio (LAR) are used for evaluating liquidity of these 2 categories  banks. T-test and F-test have been used in determining the significance of the differential performance of the two groups of bank. The study found that Islamic Banks are less preferable than Conventional banks in the year 2008 and 2009 in all the profitability indicators. In 2010, Conventional banks had been more profitable than Islamic banks except ROE, PER. In 2011 and 2012, Islamic banks’ profitability performance is better than that of Conventional banks in the performance indicators except EPS, Profit per Branch and Profit per Employee. However, there is no significant difference in liquidity between the two sets of banks. LAR had been constantly higher in Islamic banks in all the years though LDR had not been higher during the same period. In 2010 and 2011, Conventional Banks’ LDR is higher than the Islamic Bank. The reasons are that conventional banks in Bangladesh have longer history and experience in doing banking business and hold dominating position in the financial sector with its large share in the overall financial assets of Bangladesh as compared to Islamic banks, which in true sense, started only a few years back with all letter and spirit. The study also found that Islamic Banks are less profitable having less liquidity position during 2008-2012. However, it had improved considerably in its profitability during 2011 and 2012. Key Words: Profitability, Liquidity, Conventional Banking, Islamic Banking

Barriers to Treatment Compliance of Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse among Pulmunary Tuberculosis Patients.

Treatment compliance is an important aspect for tuberculosis prevention and control. Poor compliance to treatment can lead to the development of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to explore the factors affecting treatment compliance for tuberculosis patients. Facility based unmatched case control study was done among the forty non-compliance and eighty compliance pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered at selected directly observed treatment short-course centers of six districts. Data were collected using in-depth interview guideline with the tuberculosis focal person and Focus Group Discussion with tuberculosis patients. A total of 120 respondents, 40 cases and 80 controls were enrolled in the study. About 72.5% of the cases and 56.2% of the controls were male. Five significant independent risk factors for non-compliance to TB treatment were identified. The qualitative session confirmed geographical barriers, inaccessibility to health facility, economic barriers, difficulty in convincing people, knowledge about Directly observed treatment shortcourse program, longer medication period, migration and stigma as a major barrier for treatment compliance. Wider ranges of barriers are prevalent in context of tuberculosis treatment pathway and outcome. Knowledge of the tuberculosis patients and attitude of the family plays a vital role in treatment compliance. Directly observed treatment shortcourse playing tremendous role to ensure treatment adherence has been identified as major barrier to adherence as well. Enablers of adherence need to be emphasized to address the barriers